Well, of course you all know about the proof of 1=0? It's included below for completeness.
Let a = bThe experienced algebraist quickly spots the error. One of the steps in the proof is an illegal move.
a*a = b*a
a*a - b*b = b*a - b*b
(a+b)(a-b) = b(a-b)
a+b = b
a = 0
Let a = 1
1 = 0
The following proof also makes an illegal move somewhere, but it breaks a rule that most people haven't ever heard of.
We start with Euler's formula:
eix = cos(x) + i*sin(x)Here, "i" is used to denote the square root of -1. Euler's formula is far from a mere mathematical curiosity. I do not exaggerate when I say we use it all the time in physics. Euler's formula is the main reason that imaginary numbers are of any use at all. But I digress.
Using Euler's formula, we know...
eiπ = -1But then...
(eiπ)i = (-1)i
(-1)i = eiπi = e-π
ei3π = -1Therefore, e-π = e-3π. But clearly this is wrong. Therefore, our proof is wrong. But where?
(ei3π)i = (-1)i
(-1)i = ei3πi = e-3π